Should Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal

Should Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide be Legal? One day while interning at the Animal Clinic of Bay Ridge I witnessed something so cruel. This middle-aged shiatsu was dropped off at the animal clinic. Mind you, the owners didn’t even bother to come in the room with the dog. As I played with the dog until he would be â€Å"putdown† I wondered why in the world someone would put such a lovely dog down is unimaginable. Despite being sorry for the dog I feel euthanizing both animals and human should be legal with exceptions. For instance, if an animal or human is really sick and cannot stand the pain or is in a vegetated state I believe it is okay to euthanize. If the reason is that you don’t have enough money to nurture and take†¦show more content†¦So another question is does this person who is encouraging euthanasia on their loved one have the persons best interest in heart? And as they questions arise euthanasia is still illegal. In conclusion I believe that euthanasia should be legalized. But as with anything else that the government grants it should be taking under deep consideration. I believe that a person should file a request to administer euthanasia then it should undergo an investigation and if the investigation comes out with all good intentions go for it. Even for animals most people don’t look at animals a living things but they are too. If you have an animal and you really can’t take care of it take it to a shelter. Or post up fliers or post on the internet inquiring if anyone wants a pet. But with animals and humans there is always a choice. If you’re pet develops cancer it may be smart for you to euthanize your pet because surgeries are extremely expensive and if you choose not to attain surgery for your pet it will suffer from excruciating pain. Remember there is no pet chemotherapy. Also if someone you love is dying and wishes not to become a vegetable for the rest of their lives you c an put on their medical records in the case of a bad event to put â€Å"don’t resuscitate†. If an animal is sick and should be euthanized to not suffer anymore, they first ask you if you want the ashes back or you wouldShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal Essay1755 Words   |  8 Pagesthat, â€Å"According to research, some 66% of U.S. adults believe that a doctor or nurse should allow a patient to die in certain circumstances† (25 Surprising Physician Assisted Suicide Statistics, 2014). Physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia should not just be a matter of law but as well as free will. In this essay, I am using a virtue approach to contend that euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide should be legal. Is it moral to allow people to end their lives suffering? It helps people, savesRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide is NOT Ethical Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesIs physician assisted suicide morally right? This has been a controversial subject for some time now. People are wondering whether or not it is the most humane thing to do. If dogs can be putdown, why not people? The reason is in that question. They are people. Every life is important, no matter how long it may be. Instead of finding a way to get rid of people faster, the government could put those efforts in something more positive. If other people are considering whether or not the patients’ lifeRead MoreEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pages The Oxford English Dictionary states that euthanasia is a gentle and easy death (Oxford English Dictionary). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, active euthanasia is the ending of a terminally ill person s life by direct intervention, such as administering a lethal dose of painkilling drug (Oxford English Dictionary). While passive euthanasia according to the Oxford English Dictionary is the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment in the knowledge that the personRead MoreEthical and Legal Debates on Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding the debatable subject of euthanasia and assisted suicide, have been questioned frequently by society. Though the question may never be answered between euthanasia and assisted suicide being right or wrong, the fact of the matter is that people are still choosing their fate. In America, euthanasia refers to a person knowingly, and purposely taking another persons life, or in a more factual meaning killing someone who in fact couldn’t kill himself. Euthanasia also known as â€Å"mercy killing† isRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Is Not Considered Admissible949 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician assisted suicide- the voluntary termination of one’s own life by administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician, and euthanasia, the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable, painful disease are both highly emotional and contentious subjects. Some argue physician assisted suicide (P.A.S.) is admissible for someone who is dying and trying to painlessly break free from the intolerable suffering at the end of their life, and someRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide983 Words   |  4 Pageshave different perspectives and views on Euthanasia or Physician-assisted suicide and how they should or should not be legal. In some cases people feel as if the patient who are suffering from a terminal painful disease should have the right to commit suicide in other cases people feel as if the patient is being selfish to end their life when you have loved ones that are going to suffer because they killed themselves. People feel it should or should not be legal because of right to die, living willsRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Is physician assisted suicide ethical? Physician assisted suicide is an up and coming ethical question that examines a person’s right to their own death. Many people support physician assisted suicide, citing that it can save a lot of pain and suffering. Others claim that the concept of physician assisted suicide is a slippery slope. A slippery slope in the sense that if society accepts euthanasia as a rightful death for the terminally ill, they will potentially acceptRead More Euthanasia Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesWhen a person commits an act of euthanasia, he/she brings about the death of another person because he/she believes that the latter’s present existence is so bad that he/she would be better off dead. The word euthanasia originated from the Greek language: eu means â€Å"good† and thanatos means â€Å"death†. The meaning of euthanasia is â€Å"the intentional termination of life by another at the explicit request of the person who dies† (Religious Tolerance). However, euthanasia has many different meanings, whichRead MoreShould Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?825 Words   |  4 PagesLeonard Should Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide be Legalized? Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide should become legal in the United States and all US territories. Though Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide are not the same and are separate acts, they both serve the same purpose, which is to follow the desire of a person with terminal illness to end their life without legal consequences. This same right should extend to family members and guardians of people unable to act for themselves. The current legal situationRead MoreThe Great Debate On Doctor Assisted Suicide Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesDebate on Doctor Assisted Suicide Euthanasia, in today’s world, is a word with opposing meanings. Originally, it meant â€Å"a good death† (Leming Dickinson, 2016). Since the legalization of euthanasia around the world in the early 1990’s, the meaning has changed. Several pro-euthanasia sites would call it a humane and peaceful way to end the dying process, by either stopping the course of treatment or the use of lethal doses of medications (Leming Dickinson, 2016). Con-euthanasia activists are most

Essay on Ancient Greek and Roman Art Styles in the...

The â€Å"Renaissance† was an important time following the Middle Ages. Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman art styles and ideas were revived during this period of time. Extravagant and detailed paintings were commissioned and featured mythological creatures from Greek and Roman culture. It was similar to an artistic revolution. One of the most famous painters from this period was Sandro Botticelli. Known for his detail included in his paintings, Botticelli went on to create paintings for influential figures of the Renaissance and a few frescos for the Sistine Chapel. Sandro Botticelli is the Renaissance Idol because he created a unique art style that was widely imitated by the time of his death. Sandro Botticelli was born as Alessandro†¦show more content†¦In one his most important works called ‘Primavera† which featured Venus, the â€Å"Goddess of Love† in a garden scene. (Grendler, pg. 102). One of Botticelli’s most well-known art pieces is â€Å"The Birth of Venus† which Botticelli painted in the year 1484. It features Venus rising out of the sea standing on a shell in the nude surrounded by angels. The inspiration for this piece may have been based on a poetry piece by Florentine poet Angelo Poliziano. The theme of the painting, the birth of love, may cause many historians to believe that this painting was created for a wedding. (Grendler, pg. 103). By the time of Botticelli’s death in 1510, he was penniless and forgotten but his style was widely imitated by other artists. The second reason why Botticelli is the Renaissance Idol is that he created his own style of art. Botticelli was born several generations after great artists such as Donatello and Masaccio. (â€Å"Encyclopedia of World Biography† pg. 439) Botticelli’s was a typically traditional artist and implemented some techniques used by previous artists. Botticelli’s early style was refined. In his earlier works, his Master’s influences were evident and Botticelli often painted women with porcelain like, pale skin with light pink blush on the cheeks, nose and mouth. Men had a darker flesh tone and gave them more detailed features such as a pronounced boneShow MoreRelatedAncient Greek And Roman Art1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe word â€Å"renaissance† which is the Latin word for rebirth refers to the flourishing of literature and arts in fifteenth century Italy. Ancient culture played a big role in this new and exciting movement. It was the source of creativit y for the new up-and-coming Italian artists, it set a platform of ideas for these new artists to use as a blueprint. Competing with ancient Greek and Roman art, Italian artists were aiming to emulate the achievements of the ancient culture and were looking for a newRead MoreFlorence Was The Birthplace Of The Italian Renaissance898 Words   |  4 PagesThe Italian Renaissance was a period in history unlike most others; this was an era of ingenuity, expansion, and enlightenment that would revolutionize both society as the people of the Renaissance knew it to be, and as the future generations of individuals across the globe understand it today. Florence held itself out to be the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance, yet the people of this renaissance era never lost sight of the Greek and Roman heritage. The following essay will discuss the varyingRead MoreArt and Architecture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesThe difference between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is most visible through art and architecture, demonstrated specifically through an emphasis on religion or classical antiquity, and humanity. During the Middle Ages, art was more religious because it had a very religious influence from the church having such great power in the community. When the Renaissance started, art became more focused on ancient Greece. The Greek influence was because scholars were broadly studying the revival of classicalRead MoreThe Rebirth Of Ancient Cultures1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rebirth of Ancient Cultures in Renaissance Florence Florence, Italy is known as the â€Å"cradle of the Renaissance† (la culla del Rinascimento). It is a city full of beautiful architecture, art, and history. The Renaissance was a powerful cultural movement that not only shaped all aspects of Florentine life, but eventually the rest of Europe. Science, art, literature, philosophy, religion, architecture, and politics have seen heavy influences by this movement. The term Renaissance literally meansRead MoreCompare and Contrast Italian Renaissance Painting and Sculpture to the Northern Renaissance Painting and Sculpture1731 Words   |  7 PagesBefore you can compare and contrast the art of the Italian Renaissance to the artworks of the Renaissance in the North, you have to understand the roots of the Renaissance. Renaissance has a special meaning, referring to a period of the grand florescence of the arts in Italy during the 14th century and progressed and migrated, in the 15th and 16th centuries, to Northern Europe. The Renai ssance was stimulated by the revival of the classical art forms of ancient Greece and Rome. The â€Å"re-birth of knowledgeRead MoreEssay on Michelangelo: The Gates of Paradise1737 Words   |  7 Pagesrenowned Renaissance painter and sculptor, called the doors â€Å"The Gates of Paradise,† a golden gateway leading into the Heavens. The name stuck, but more so because of the significance of the doors’ location at The Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence, Italy, where during the Middle Ages, converts came yearly at the parade dedicated to St. John the Baptist, to be anointed and earn paradise; hence, the â€Å"paradise† in The Gates of Paradise (â€Å"Baptistery of San Giovanni†). Before naming the work of art thoughRead MoreThe Renaissance : A Rebirth Of The Ideas Of Ancient Greece923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance was a rebirth of the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome that began in the City States of Italy during the 14th century. The cultura l resurgence began a new style of living in Europe after the horrors of the black death, and is seen as the beginning of the culture of the modern world. As Wassace K. Ferguson put in his book The Renaissance, the Italian artists grew tired of the darkness of Medieval Times and began to turn to the brighter times found in the classical ages (Doc 7). TheRead MoreRoman Art Of Ancient Rome1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe art of Rome is considered completed art of ancient society. Legitimately argue that, although Roman masters continued the tradition of Hellenic, yet the art of ancient Rome - an independent phenomenon, determined by the course and the course of historical events, and living conditions, and the originality of religious beliefs, character traits of the Romans, and other factors. Roman art as a special artistic phenomenon began to study only in the twentieth century is essentially realized onlyRead MoreThe Baroque And The Renaissance Period947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art period went through many different transitional phases to become what it is now, but the most famous of these phases are the Baroque and the Renaissance period. During the Renaissance saw the appearance of the â€Å"rebirth† of its country. the painters use realistic portrayals of nature and the human figure by artists that were inspired by the ancient Greek and Roman art and culture. However, during the Baroque creative phase,the artwork that seemed to be unrealistic, clear and produced manyRead MoreRenaissance And The Renaissance Era915 Words   |  4 Pages Renaissance The Renaissance era was a time of great change in music, art, literature, and science. The Renaissance, which lasted from the 1300 s to the 1600 s began in Italy and spread throughout other countries to England, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. During this time, there was a great deal of agricultural economy and the church were dominate and transform society. The word Renaissance come from the Latin word meaning â€Å"rebirth.† During the Renaissance period many

Feelings of Home free essay sample

My fingers ache as they flick across the keyboard. Twinges of pain from the constant sharp and precise motions they have been making for the past two hours. My eyes feel watery and glassy, as I stare transfixed at the screen. I am almost done. Out of the corner of my eyes I see Ryan and Charles wearing bright purple and yellow afro wigs, dancing to what I assume to be some form of a pop song, by the motion of their swinging hips. I keep trying my hardest not to let them distract me. I think to myself, â€Å"I have been working on this project for the last three months, I cant slow down now, I have almost reached the blessed end, I must not get distracted!† Yet, as I repeat this mantra through my mind, I find myself getting more and more restless. I mutter to myself, â€Å"How long has it been since I have had a break?† I glanced at the time on the bottom right of the computer screentoo long. We will write a custom essay sample on Feelings of Home or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I slowly leaned back, stretching out my sore and achy limbs, spinning the chair around to fully take in what was going on. A smile and surprised chuckle escaped me as I took in the controlled chaos that was swirling around me. Alex was sitting upside down on the couch.She and Daymien were playing an amusing game of throwing grapes in each others mouths to see who could get more in. Tony had joined Ryan and Charles in their crazy dances to what was without a doubt pop music. I felt my resolve fully dissipate. I deserved a break! Everyone else seemed to be joining in on all of the festivities. I glanced to my left and saw Kerriann and Jessica doing the same, pausing what they were doing to join in on the fun. I made my way over to the couch and leaped over it, pushing Alex’s feet so that they were laying on top of mine.I snagged one of Damiens incoming grapes right out of the air and laughed, the stress of all the deadlines leaving me completely as I easily joined in on the fun. I sat back, almost sinking, into the couch smiling so widely my cheeks began to ache. This is what I love the most about my film school program. The small moments where I am able to forget about all of lifes worries and stresses, where I am able to just take the time to play and give in to my inner childlike joy. These little moments are what make RAW so special. It is not just a program designed to teach us about creating films, it is about giving us a home away from home, a place where we can all be ourselves and be completely at ease. It is the one place that I find true comfort in. These thoughts lull me into a state of peace as I spend the rest of the night surrounded by friends and laughter, not worrying about other more stressful topics. I am simply taking the time to enjoy these small moments of cheer and true friendship.

COAG State NQF Focuses On Establishment †Myassignmenthlp.Com

Question: What Are The Similarities And Differences In The NSW Act And NSW Regulations As They Relate To Rating Levels? Answer: Introducation COAG state the NQF focuses on the establishment of a firm foundation of their coalition, National Partnership Agreement (NPA), which requires enacting laws that ensure a national system that is unified in child care regulation in each territory and state. Secondly, NQF and COAG focuses on early childhood care and education, as well as services in OHSC (Outside School Hours Care), which replaces the quality assurance processes and separate licensing that exists as part of its NQA (National Quality Agenda) for early childhood care and education. Thirdly, by ascertaining quality early childhood care and education, NQF and COAG focuses on their participation in the outcome improvement of children everywhere, and particularly for those coming from risky or disadvantaged backgrounds (Fenech, Giugni, Bown, 2012). COAG believes early childhood services will benefit from working under one national system because there will be a decrease in the regulatory overlap between government levels, an improvement of approaches consistent with compliance, simplified approval processes, and assurance in the child care sector (Fenech, Giugni, Bown, 2012). The differences as seen in the NSW Regulations and NSW Act is that in the Act the National Authority is the only authorized body that can prescribe national regulations highest rating level, whereas, in the Regulations, the provisional rating prescribed is Provisional as NQF has not assessed it yet. However, the similarity between the NSW Regulations and NSW Act is quality rating, which is the role NQF plays (Austlii.edu.au, 2017). Which Part of Chapter 3 relates to Assessment only? There are several Divisions in each Part of the National Regulations. How many Divisions are there in the Part that relates to Assessment? The part in Chapter 3 that strictly relates to Assessment is Part 3.3, Division 1. In the Part relating to assessment, there are two Divisions; Division 1 (Assessment) and Division 2 (Reassessment) (Austlii.edu.au, 2017). Write a paragraph about its role in improving the quality of early children's education and care services across Australia. Assessment is important as it provides families, parents, and educators with vital information concerning the growth and development of a child. Therefore, assessment has numerous roles. First, it helps in the identification of a child requiring additional support thus determining the need for support services or intervention. Secondly, it aids in identifying the weaknesses and strengths within a program while gathering information on the ways to which the program meets the childrens needs and goals. Thirdly, assessment provides a growth record of all the developing areas growth including language, cognitive, and learning approaches. Lastly, through assessment, educators get assistance that enables them to plan instructions for children who are at the same development stage (Early Childhood Assessment, 2017). Research one of the other Frameworks listed above from one of the following: Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania, Victoria or Western Australia. List the aims articulated by your selected Framework. Western Australia One of the other frameworks is the SCSSA (School Curriculum and Standards Authority), which oversees guidelines, policy advice, and curriculum responsibility for children under the age of 12 to kindergarten in the schools in Western Australia. Reinforcement by the Kindergarten Curriculum Guidelines (KCG) ensures Pre-primary and Kindergarten Statement for Western Australia and the Guiding Principles for Western Australian schools. These Guidelines are aimed at simplifying the optimal development and learning of Western Australias Kindergarten children. Also, KCG provides educators with a guide through which they can develop a Kindergarten childrens curriculum used in Western Australia (Dawson, Venville, 2006). References Austlii.edu.au. (2017). CHILDREN (EDUCATION AND CARE SERVICES) NATIONAL LAW (NSW) - SECT 134Rating levels. Austlii.edu.au. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/cacsnl443/s134.html Austlii.edu.au. (2017). EDUCATION AND CARE SERVICES NATIONAL REGULATIONS - REG 58Prescribed provisional rating. Austlii.edu.au. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_reg/eacsnr422/s58.html Dawson, V., Venville, G. (2006). An overview and comparison of Australian State and Territory K-10 science curriculum documents.Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association,52(2). Early Childhood Assessment. (2017). Early Childhood Assessment: Resources for Early Learning. Resources for Early Learning. Retrieved 9 May 2017, from https://resourcesforearlylearning.org/fm/early-childhood-assessment/ Fenech, M., Giugni, M., Bown, K. (2012). A critical analysis of the'national quality framework': Mobilising for a vision for children beyond minimum standards.Australasian Journal of Early Childhood,37(4), 5.

Why I Should Act Maturely and Behave Appropriately in Class free essay sample

You need to use manners. People find it rude and irritating when you interrupt them during a conversation. It also makes you seem very immature and silly. Also, dont play with things, look away or fidget as this can distract the rest of the class. Just listen with your eyes and ears. Furthermore, be helpful by holding doors open for others and pick things up that people may have dropped. Finally, always accept compliments nicely as the chances are, they will probably help you. In the same way, take criticism as well.Though it might not all be valid, some of the points could help you improve. Secondly, learn to control your temper. Above all, If somebody does something you dont agree with, try not to shout or carry on. Instead, let it go if it is a minor matter. If you must say something or disagree with someone, do so respectfully with a calm tone of voice. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I Should Act Maturely and Behave Appropriately in Class or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When you want to quiet down others, yelling and shouting makes It worse. Simply say, May I have your attention please until they listen. Thirdly, avoid trying to be the center of attention all the time.People will notice that you want attention and It will make you look childish. Remember that people will enjoy listening to your contribution, as long as Its sensible and you allow them to add to It as well. Finally, follow your class contract, of which consists of the following rules; Put your hand up Dont Interrupt your teacher when he/she Is speaking to the class. Instead, put your hand up and Walt for the teacher to answer you. Homework completed on time Make sure that you both complete and hand In your homework by Its due date.Respect and listen to each other Respect and listen to all of your classmates as what they have to say might be of Interest or help to you. Do Everything to the Best of Your Ability Whatever work you are doing, do It to the best of your ability as good quality work will always be rewarded and also, whenever you are pressing your boundaries, you are always helping yourself to excel. Contribute to your Lessons If you Just sit back and relax In class, the chances are you wont learn much whereas, If you contribute well In class, you will almost definitely understand.Arrive on Time for Every Lesson If you arrive late for a lesson, not only Is It an Inconvenience for your teacher as she has to explain everything that she also already said again, but It also distracts you other classmates. Wear Uniform Correctly You never know who could be walking around the school, whether they be a n Inspector or a visitor, smart uniform always gives a good Impression. Be Prepared for Lessons Making sure that you have the right equipment for all of your lessons Is essential as Items that you dont have will have to be found from other classmates of which takes precious learning time. Why I Should Act Maturely and Behave Appropriately in Class By lacrosses Secondly, learn to control your temper. Above all, if somebody does something you tone of voice. When you want to quiet down others, yelling and shouting makes it oh want attention and it will make you look childish. Remember that people will enjoy listening to your contribution, as long as its sensible and you allow them to add to it as well. Hand up Dont interrupt your teacher when he/she is speaking to the class.Instead, put your hand up and wait for the teacher to answer you. Homework completed on time Make sure that you both complete and hand in your homework by its due date. They have to say might be of interest or help to you. Do Everything to the Best of Your Ability Whatever work you are doing, do it to the best of your ability as good quality jack and relax in class, the chances are you wont learn much whereas, if you contribute well in class, you will almost definitely understand.Arrive on Time for Every Lesson If you arrive late for a lesson, not only is it an inconvenience for your teacher as she has to explain everything that she also already said again, but it also be walking around the school, whether they be an inspector or a visitor, smart uniform always gives a good impression.

Assess the use of cognitive counselling approach to help the client through the process of change and cope with depression. The WritePass Journal

Assess the use of cognitive counselling approach to help the client through the process of change and cope with depression. Introduction Assess the use of cognitive counselling approach to help the client through the process of change and cope with depression. IntroductionIn conclusionREFERENCES  BIBLIOGRAPHYRelated Introduction This essay will assess the use of cognitive counselling approach to help the client through the process of change and cope with depression. Joan is 28 years old woman, suffering from depression; the Gp referred her to the counsellor who will help her to overcome it. Due to the nature of the problem, Cognitive behavioural therapy can be used to treat Joans depression condition. This therapy is an effective approach that is used for helping people to change their behaviour, thoughts and feelings. NICE 2009 illustrated that depression is a common mental health problem and it affects nearly 1 in 6 in the United Kingdom. The main signs of depression are losing interest in the normal activities as well as isolating from other people. A person suffering from depression might experience sadness feeling, crying, irritable or feeling exhausted, feeling low, blaming and feeling unworthy to live, changes in appetite and having sleepless night and the person might experience poor memory and concentration. For these reasons, the person can become critical and holding negative thoughts about himself or herself. These feelings can lead to suicide or harm. Cognitive therapy is simply a kind of psychotherapy that was created by Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis. This therapy is believed to alter unrealistic views and the way of thinking psychologists’ use cognitive therapy approach to view psychological problems for instance, depression develops from different areas of life experience. Beck discovered that cognitive therapy was an efficient intervention for treating depression. Cognitive therapy assists clients to feel better, to be aware of their feelings and to battle with their negative thoughts and perceptions (Beck, 1995; Beck, 2005). Behavioural therapy was originated from classical learning theories which come from the work of Ivan Pavlov -respondent conditioning, John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner- operant conditioning. Behavioural therapy helps the person to tackle the problems by behaving positively. For instance the person who has fear of a dog, the therapist usually helps the person by spending more time on the situation in order to make the person feels comfortable in this particular situation (Masters. et. al, 1987). Therefore cognitive behavioural therapy adds both the two techniques and normally it is performed in a structured environment with the main objective of overcoming the specific problem. A person requires doing tasks within sessions, for example using a diary to record events and finally the person learns to become his or her own therapist (Freman.et.al). In Joans case as a depressive person, the diary can be used to monitor the mood and activities as this would be useful and helpful for both the counsellor and Joan to obtain more objective view of the problem and assess possible causes and changes of symptoms during the day or week (Foreman et.al. 2009). Cognitive behavioural therapy is cheap and also a short term treatment with long lasting outcomes. It is a proficient treatment for many psychiatric conditions. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) suggested that   Cognitive behavioural therapy has a reputation in treating diverse problems such as relationship problems, emotional problems, stress, schizophrenia, fear, phobia and eating disorders, anxiety, depression. Several controlled trials have shown its positive outcome (www.nice.org.uk/CG91publicinfo). According to the therapeutic research, the duration of cognitive therapy is offered for 10-20 sessions. But The National Institute of mental health study on depression indicated that   16-20 sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy are not enough for most patients to overcome depression . A study in British Medical Journal in 2002, reported that people with severe depression received treatment from their general practitioners which included behavioural and educational self help materials. In November 2007,the government decided to spend  £170 million as a strategy to better psychotherapy service program and to make it more viable especially for patients with depression and anxiety. Most of them cannot afford to pay private therapists and also they have to be on the waiting lists (rcpsych.ac.uk/default.aspx). Counsellor needs to work within the British Association Code of Practice which are values, principles and personal moral qualities (bacp.co.uk/ethical_framework/. Actually these are similar to Rogerian three core conditions, empathy, non-judgement, warmth and genuiness (Sanders, 2002). Cognitive behavioural therapy needs counsellors who have experience and knowledge on how to perform interview with the patients. As (Sanders, 2002) pointed out depressive people need help, support and encouragement. Cognitive behavioural therapy usually encourages a patient to talk freely about whatever comes in his/ her mind because sometimes the patient can turn up without being prepared or planned on what to talk about (Foreman, et. Al., 2009) The counsellor should totally address the confidentiality issues with the client to make him or her feel secure in advance before the session starts (Sanders, 2002) During the session, for example looking at Joan as a depressive person she will be required to learn and practice specific strategies in every session and she will have an assignment to do such as recording events in the diary and bringing the result to the next session. The aim of this is to improve her present condition. Although this needs a lot efforts for a person who is feeling depressed. Therefore, the counsellor plays a big part and becomes very important in engaging Joan in the therapy. This can be achieved when Joan realises that the counsellor understands her situation and empathise with her feelings and able to proffer solutions to her problem (Hough,2006) Rogerian interviewing techniques are very helpful in creating good environment in therapeutic. The interviewing techniques involve paraphrasing, reflection of feelings, and summarising (Hough, 2006) Paraphrasing include repeating what the patient spoke, the counsellor supposes to use his or her own words. This indicates that the counsellors has understood accurately and reassure the client that the counsellor has been concentrating and obtaining the key message. In this point if the counsellors misinterpret the clients key points, then the client can rectify the counsellors fault (Sutton Williams). Reflection of feelings entails the statements; the counsellor usually expands the clients factual feeling and elaborates in his or her own words. This way again indicates that the counsellor has been listening accurately and identifies clients emotional state. Actually, in this section, the counsellor will be informing the client that they are emphasising together. Furthermore at this stage, the counsellor also shows his emotional reaction towards the story (Sutton Williams). Summarising is carried out throughout the session; it includes gathering and breaking down the final few moments of the discussion. As a result, this would help the client to see and understand the situation more effectively (Sutton Williams, 2002) Above all, the counsellor has to ensure that during this time in dealing with a depressive client, there should be some boundaries. Joan can feel helpless and aimless with the situation; this does not mean that the counsellor should step back. The counsellor must make sure that he is not too carried away with the clients emotions as he needs to be strong before the client and find possible way of uplifting the client (Sutton Williams, 2002). In counselling session, active listening skills are regarded as the main vessel in communicating with the client. To break the communication barrier, the counsellor needs to consider listening effectively to his clients verbal means of communication as well as understanding the non-verbal means of communication. Suppose, in Joans depressive condition, the counsellor must be able to identify and work on the clues such as negative statements that need contradiction and short phrases (Egan, 1998). However asking questions sometimes can be problematic in counselling as it reflects on external rather than internal reference. The method of asking questions enables the counsellor to get facts for their own use instead of having a desire to understand clients subjective experience of things (Sanders, 2006). On the other hand, difficulties in therapeutic alliance might happen as some of the clients can find it difficult to express themselves and to explore their interpersonal problems particularly to those problems that are connected to personal belief, others and relationships. For example (i must never let anyone to see my true self). Thus, In this situation the clients might not be willing to discuss their problems openly. This can cause the therapists behaviour to be misinterpreted because the therapist might activate his or her own negative belief and dysfunctional assumptions. As a result of this, dismiss the development of warm, equal collaborative alliance (Safran Segal, 1990). The behavioural approach helps to treat undesirable behaviour and sometimes, the problems can be deep rooted from inside. For example, in counselling session, a depressive client might re-act positively well to behavioural approach. The problem can still persist until the source of depression is recognised then lasting cure of the depression is unlikely (Hough, 2006). Furthermore, to solve this problem, it appears that a depressive client will need to be committed and starts to show high level of stress in the beginning of the session while the behavioural is occurring. Thus, counsellor who works as a strict behavioural perspective might overlook client’s view. Because of the basic principle of approach which lies on peoples reaction in an automatic way to stimuli. This view does not take into account the influence of thinking or cognition in determining behavioural (Hough, 2006). In comparison, cognitive behavioural approach to psychodynamic approach, these two approaches have dissimilar features; firstly cognitive behavioural therapy gives client a reason for the approach and techniques used. A cognitive behavioural therapy is an educative, as well as inspires clients to actively involve in the therapeutic process. Unlike psychodynamic therapy, Cognitive behavioural therapy normally pays attention on a persons functions at present time by searching the connection between feelings, belief, thoughts, attitudes, goals and behaviour. Rather than trying to evaluate unconscious psychic facts and events. Cognitive behavioural therapy assumes that persons emotional reaction is caused by his thoughts and belief about a particular event or situation (Hough, 2006). In Joans depressive condition, using psychodynamic approach, the counsellor will look at various factors that are influencing or causing depression. For instance, early childhood experiences and how these are related to an early attachment with her parents. Moreover, the counsellor will also link to Joans present relationships and the things she is doing without being aware of them as to protect herself from depressive thoughts and feelings as a result of experiencing a traumatic event (Gabbard Western, 2003). Counselling at work place module,   links with life span development module and sociology of health module. In life span development, Erick Erickson theory of eight stages of psychosocial development which stress the important of helpful and supportive environment in human life to meet psychological needs. Freud, psychodynamic theory looks at the important of relationship with other people and also considering their early childhood experience or present experience. Psychodynamic theory gives us an idea to think about other peoples feelings especially in a difficult time as it is normal for a human being to feel anxious (Bee Boyd, 2006). Counselling in the work place module,   links to sociology of health and healthcare, in terms of social behaviour and how to deal with people in professional manner. Biological model and social model of health and illness are explored and we looked at the mental health problem which can be treated not only with medicine but also with talking therapies such as psychodynamic therapy and cognitive therapy (Taylor Field, 2007). Cognitive behavioural therapy can be adequate for people who suffer from major depression. This is especially true for people who experience severe resources problems such as living in dangerous environment, food and shelter. Hence, it is obviously that these people depression is not in their head or neurotransmitter. Because of the hardship life they are experiencing, to dedicate time and make an effort to deal with depression can be inconvenience for them (Williams, 2006). In conclusion There are several evidences which have shown cognitive behavioural treatment approach in various studies. Although it should be remembered that cognitive behavioural therapy has shown a lot of achievement in treating different health problems with various studies have supporting its desirable outcomes. Cognitive behavioural therapy has its weaknesses and strengths since it requires treating the clients’ main problems. For example, a client who suffers from depression, anxiety and phobia needs a therapist who identifies both the rewards and criticisms available for the cognitive behavioural therapy. So, the client should be wise and careful to choose experienced and knowledgeable therapist who can bring about some changes in the clients psychological problems. In the past, when behavioural therapy was newly established, it was a non-humanistic approach to treatment. Behavioural therapy was unable to produce warmth and emotions to the client. But it is crucial to be aware that these behavioural plans have emerged from far away until now. In the past, behavioural therapy process included repetitious training sessions involving pairing a stimulus with a reinforcer. Since the cognitive treatment strategies added with cognitive behavioural strategies, cognitive behavioural therapy has considered and reflected on the person. REFERENCES   Beck, A.T. (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 953-959. Beck, J.S. (1995). Cognitive Therapy- Basics and Beyond. New York: Guilford Press. Bee, H., Boyd, D.,( 2006). Lifespan Development. 4th ed Pearson education.Printed in the United States of America. Clark, D. A. Steer, R. A. (1996). Empirical status of the cognitive model of anxiety and depression. In Frontiers of Cognitive Ttherapy (ed. P. M. Salkovskis), (ed. P. M. Salkovskis), pp. 75-96. New. Collaborative Research Program. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 782-787 Egan, G., (1998). The Skilled Helper, 6th edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, . follow-up. Findings from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Foreman, I.,E.,   Elliot,H., C., Smith, L., L. .(2009). Anxiety Depression Workbook For Dummies.John wileyS ons publishing. Gabbard, G,O,, Westen, D, (2003). Rethinking therapeutic action. International Journal of Psychoanalysis,84, 823-41. Hough M., (2006).Counselling Skills and Theory, 2nd ed.,Brooks/Cole Publishing Company in California. bacp.co.uk/information/education/ rcpsych.ac.uk/default.aspx accessed on 10/03/2011 Masters, J,C., Burish, T,G., HoHon, S,D., Rimm, D,G.(1987).   Behavior Therapy. Techniques of Congress Cataloging Russell, D.E. Norvig, P., (2009). Artificial Intelligence: a modern approach, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall Safran, J. Segal, Z. V. (1990) Interpersonal Process in Cognitive Sanders, P.,2002. First Steps in Counselling. A students companion for basic introductory courses. Third (edition). Shea, T., Elkin, I , Imber, S.D., Sotsky, S.M., Watkins, J.T., CoUins, J.F., Pilkonis, P.A., Backham, E., Glass, D.R., Dolan, R.T., Parloff, M.B. (1992). Course of depressive symptoms over follow-up. Findings from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 782-787 Sutton, J., Stewart, W., (2002). Learning to Counsel:Develop the skills you need to counsel others.2rd ed., How to Books Ltd in United Kingdom., Taylor, S., Field,D.(2007).Sociology of health and health care, 4th ed. BIBLIOGRAPHY Beck, A.T. (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 953-959. Beck, J.S. (1995). Cognitive Therapy- Basics and Beyond. New York: Guilford Press. Bee, H., Boyd, D.,( 2006). Lifespan Development. 4th ed Pearson education. Printed in the United States of America. Clark, D. A. Steer, R. A. (1996). Empirical status of the cognitive model of anxiety and depression. In Frontiers of Cognitive Therapy (ed. P. M. Salkovskis), (ed. P. M. Salkovskis), pp. 75-96. New. Collaborative Research Program. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 782-787 Egan, G., (1998). The Skilled Helper, 6th edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, . follow-up. Findings from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Foreman, I.,E.,   Elliot,H., C., Smith, L., L. .(2009). Anxiety Depression Workbook For Dummies.John wiley Sons publishing. Gabbard, G,O,, Westen, D, (2003). Rethinking therapeutic action. International Journal of Psychoanalysis,84, 823-41. Hough M., (2006).Counselling Skills and Theory, 2nd ed.,Brooks/Cole Publishing Company in California. bacp.co.uk/information/education/ rcpsych.ac.uk/default.aspx accessed on 10/03/2011 Masters, J,C., Burish, T,G., HoHon, S,D., Rimm, D,G.(1987).   Behavior Therapy. Techniques of Congress Cataloging Russell, D.E. Norvig, P., (2009). Artificial Intelligence: a modern approach, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall Safran, J. Segal, Z. V. (1990) Interpersonal Process in Cognitive Sanders, P.,2002. First Steps in Counselling. A students companion for basic introductory courses. Third (edition). Shea, T., Elkin, I , Imber, S.D., Sotsky, S.M., Watkins, J.T., CoUins, J.F., Pilkonis, P.A., Backham, E., Glass, D.R., Dolan, R.T., Parloff, M.B. (1992). Course of depressive symptoms over follow-up. Findings from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 782-787 Sutton, J., Stewart, W., (2002). Learning to Counsel. Develop the skills you need to counsel others.2rd ed., How to Books Ltd in United Kingdom., Taylor, S., Field, D.(2007).Sociology of health and health care, 4th ed.Library Therapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson. Williams, C,. (2006). Overcoming depression and Low mood. A   Five areas approach. 2nd ed. Hodder Arnord. Oxford University Press. New York.

Performance Apprasial Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance Apprasial Management - Assignment Example Biasness must also be avoided and the necessary actions from the appraisal should be communicated effectively and efficiently to the concerned parties. Companies that have done appraisal well have always been associated with better performance and high employee motivation (Schuler 2006). To achieve the process, employees must be handled as rational people and should not be intimidated. Reasons for appraisal There are various reasons why organizations engage in employee performance. First, it is through evaluation that the organization and employees get to know of the feedback of their performance (Schermerhorn 1993). Research has shown that if employees obtain feedback on their performance, they get to feel appreciated and are therefore ready to continue with their positive performance or improve their efficiency through taking corrective actions. Appraisal also makes employees get motivated. Motivation is the urge of doing or not doing something. If appreciated through giving feedba ck and when employees are challenged of the gap that can be filled to increase efficiency, they get motivated and their commitment to the organization increases (Grote 1996). As a result, the employees’ turnover will reduce and organizational continuity will be enhanced. Another reason for appraisal s to help peg employee rewards. Organizations’ that undertake appraisal get to determine the rewards and bonus on performance. Promotions and retentions will always be based on the appraisal results (Smith & Hornsby 1966). Moreover, appraisals are aimed at identifying the employees training needs and the employees that need to be taken for further training. The employers will therefore be geared at matching the skills required in performance and those in possession by the employees. This will prevent organizations losses and breakages and increase output. In addition, employees’ appraisal is aimed at improving the interaction between the employee and the supervisor h ence creating team building (Lingham 2007). The employees interaction will be enhanced and strong relationship will be created between the employees and supervisors. Appraisal also helps in the revision of employee policies (Smith & Hornsby 1966). Companies like PepsiCo and diamond international that have employed performance appraisal have realized improvements in their performance and high employee morale. In PepsiCo for instance, employees who have achieved exceptional performance are rewarded with bonus and their promotion guaranteed (Armstrong & Appelbaum 2003). These employees are always retained and preferred in cases where the company needs to improve their production of their staff. The same applies in Diamond international where employees, efforts are recognized and rewarded (Schermerhorn 1993). In these companies, there has been increaseproduction and low employee turnover. Through performance appraisal, corrective actions are made and company’s’ products im proved (Alvi 2011). Performance appraisal is therefore value additive when properly done and implemented. Trends in Performance Appraisal Currently, the appraisal methods have tremendously changed to conform to the new organizational structures and objectives (Bhatia 1981). The first trend in employee evaluation is the linking of employees’ performance to the general organizational objectives (Lingham 2007).